Dyspareunia (Dis-puh-roo-nee-uh)

Jun 11, 2021

Dyspareunia is the term used to describe pain with sexual intercourse.

Dyspareunia has many causes and it can be identified as superficial (on the outside of the vagina and vulva region) and deep (inside the vagina).


Sex should never be painful. It should be desired by both partners and be an enjoyable experience for both. Pain reduces sexual desire, arousal, and pleasure. This can lead to longer term issues for you and your relationship.



Dyspareunia is not always related to an underlying condition

It may be caused by:

  • Lack of lubrication
  • Hormonal changes; breastfeeding and menopause result in the body producing less oestrogen
  • Oral medications e.g. anti-depressants, sedatives, contraceptive
  • Lack of foreplay and sexual arousal prior to intercourse
  • Inflammation or infection to the vaginal tissue or vulva, this may be current or recurrent, and includes infections - thrush, urinary tract infections, vaginitis, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus
  • Chronic syndromes: endometriosis, adenomyosis, painful bladder syndrome etc.,
  • Scarring due to surgery, vaginal childbirth or other trauma
  • Overactive / hypertonic pelvic floor muscles – vaginismus



Emotional factors can include:

  • Psychological issues
  • Stress
  • History of sexual abuse



Some steps that may be helpful to treat dyspareunia at home include:

  • Emptying your bladder fully prior to intercourse
  • Taking a warm bath
  • Using a water- based lubricant
  • Applying an ice pack to the vulva
  • Communicating your pain to your partner
  • Engaging in longer foreplay to encourage secretion of the body's natural lubricants
  • Choosing comfortable sexual positions to minimize deep pain



If you're experiencing recurrent pain during sex or have worries or concerns, please make an appointment with one of our supportive pelvic physios.




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